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Evidence for Small RNAs Homologous to Effector-Encoding Genes and Transposable Elements in the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans

Overview of attention for article published in PLOS ONE, December 2012
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  • In the top 25% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age (92nd percentile)
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age and source (88th percentile)

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1 blog
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Title
Evidence for Small RNAs Homologous to Effector-Encoding Genes and Transposable Elements in the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans
Published in
PLOS ONE, December 2012
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0051399
Pubmed ID
Authors

Ramesh R. Vetukuri, Anna K. M. Åsman, Christian Tellgren-Roth, Sultana N. Jahan, Johan Reimegård, Johan Fogelqvist, Eugene Savenkov, Fredrik Söderbom, Anna O. Avrova, Stephen C. Whisson, Christina Dixelius

Abstract

Phytophthora infestans is the oomycete pathogen responsible for the devastating late blight disease on potato and tomato. There is presently an intense research focus on the role(s) of effectors in promoting late blight disease development. However, little is known about how they are regulated, or how diversity in their expression may be generated among different isolates. Here we present data from investigation of RNA silencing processes, characterized by non-coding small RNA molecules (sRNA) of 19-40 nt. From deep sequencing of sRNAs we have identified sRNAs matching numerous RxLR and Crinkler (CRN) effector protein genes in two isolates differing in pathogenicity. Effector gene-derived sRNAs were present in both isolates, but exhibited marked differences in abundance, especially for CRN effectors. Small RNAs in P. infestans grouped into three clear size classes of 21, 25/26 and 32 nt. Small RNAs from all size classes mapped to RxLR effector genes, but notably 21 nt sRNAs were the predominant size class mapping to CRN effector genes. Some effector genes, such as PiAvr3a, to which sRNAs were found, also exhibited differences in transcript accumulation between the two isolates. The P. infestans genome is rich in transposable elements, and the majority of sRNAs of all size classes mapped to these sequences, predominantly to long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. RNA silencing of Dicer and Argonaute genes provided evidence that generation of 21 nt sRNAs is Dicer-dependent, while accumulation of longer sRNAs was impacted by silencing of Argonaute genes. Additionally, we identified six microRNA (miRNA) candidates from our sequencing data, their precursor sequences from the genome sequence, and target mRNAs. These miRNA candidates have features characteristic of both plant and metazoan miRNAs.

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X Demographics

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 115 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
France 2 2%
India 2 2%
Australia 1 <1%
Brazil 1 <1%
United States 1 <1%
Unknown 108 94%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 35 30%
Student > Ph. D. Student 22 19%
Student > Master 11 10%
Professor > Associate Professor 8 7%
Student > Bachelor 6 5%
Other 21 18%
Unknown 12 10%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 69 60%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 23 20%
Psychology 1 <1%
Physics and Astronomy 1 <1%
Earth and Planetary Sciences 1 <1%
Other 3 3%
Unknown 17 15%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 15. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 February 2013.
All research outputs
#2,148,710
of 23,079,238 outputs
Outputs from PLOS ONE
#27,297
of 196,790 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#21,447
of 280,670 outputs
Outputs of similar age from PLOS ONE
#578
of 4,826 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,079,238 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 90th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 196,790 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.2. This one has done well, scoring higher than 86% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 280,670 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 4,826 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its contemporaries.