Title |
The digestive tract as the origin of systemic inflammation
|
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Published in |
Critical Care, October 2016
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DOI | 10.1186/s13054-016-1458-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Petrus R. de Jong, José M. González-Navajas, Nicolaas J. G. Jansen |
Abstract |
Failure of gut homeostasis is an important factor in the pathogenesis and progression of systemic inflammation, which can culminate in multiple organ failure and fatality. Pathogenic events in critically ill patients include mesenteric hypoperfusion, dysregulation of gut motility, and failure of the gut barrier with resultant translocation of luminal substrates. This is followed by the exacerbation of local and systemic immune responses. All these events can contribute to pathogenic crosstalk between the gut, circulating cells, and other organs like the liver, pancreas, and lungs. Here we review recent insights into the identity of the cellular and biochemical players from the gut that have key roles in the pathogenic turn of events in these organ systems that derange the systemic inflammatory homeostasis. In particular, we discuss the dangers from within the gastrointestinal tract, including metabolic products from the liver (bile acids), digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas, and inflammatory components of the mesenteric lymph. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Spain | 8 | 14% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 8% |
United States | 3 | 5% |
Mexico | 3 | 5% |
Brazil | 2 | 3% |
Colombia | 2 | 3% |
Malaysia | 1 | 2% |
Chile | 1 | 2% |
Argentina | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Unknown | 29 | 49% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 43 | 73% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 14 | 24% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Russia | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 152 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 12% |
Researcher | 19 | 12% |
Student > Postgraduate | 16 | 10% |
Student > Master | 16 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 15 | 10% |
Other | 41 | 27% |
Unknown | 28 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 60 | 39% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 8% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 13 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 5% |
Other | 14 | 9% |
Unknown | 36 | 23% |