Factors Associated with Post-Seasonal Serological Titer and Risk Factors for Infection with the Pandemic A/H1N1 Virus in the French General Population

Nathanael Lapidus, Xavier de Lamballerie, Nicolas Salez, Michel Setbon, Rosemary M. Delabre, Pascal Ferrari, Nanikaly Moyen, Marie-Lise Gougeon, Frédéric Vely, Marianne Leruez-Ville, Laurent Andreoletti, Simon Cauchemez, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Éric Vivier, Laurent Abel, Michaël Schwarzinger, Michèle Legeas, Pierre Le Cann, Antoine Flahault, Fabrice Carrat

The CoPanFlu-France cohort of households was set up in 2009 to study the risk factors for infection by the pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm) in the French general population. The authors developed an integrative data-driven approach to identify individual, collective and environmental factors associated with the post-seasonal serological H1N1pdm geometric mean titer, and derived a nested case-control analysis to identify risk factors for infection during the first season. This analysis included 1377 subjects (601 households). The GMT for the general population was 47.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.1, 49.2). According to a multivariable analysis, pandemic vaccination, seasonal vaccination in 2009, recent history of influenza-like illness, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, social contacts at school and use of public transports by the local population were associated with a higher GMT, whereas history of smoking was associated with a lower GMT. Additionally, young age at inclusion and risk perception of exposure to the virus at work were identified as possible risk factors, whereas presence of an air humidifier in the living room was a possible protective factor. These findings will be interpreted in light of the longitudinal analyses of this ongoing cohort.