Title |
Sex hormones and skeletal muscle weakness
|
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Published in |
Biogerontology, May 2013
|
DOI | 10.1007/s10522-013-9425-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sarianna Sipilä, Marco Narici, Michael Kjaer, Eija Pöllänen, Ross A. Atkinson, Mette Hansen, Vuokko Kovanen |
Abstract |
Human ageing is accompanied with deterioration in endocrine functions the most notable and well characterized of which being the decrease in the production of sex hormones. Current research literature suggests that low sex hormone concentration may be among the key mechanism for sarcopenia and muscle weakness. Within the European large scale MYOAGE project, the role of sex hormones, estrogens and testosterone, in causing the aging-related loss of muscle mass and function was further investigated. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women is shown to diminish age-associated muscle loss, loss in fast muscle function (power), and accumulation of fat in skeletal muscle. Further HRT raises the protein synthesis rate in skeletal muscle after resistance training, and has an anabolic effect upon connective tissue in both skeletal muscle and tendon, which influences matrix structure and mechanical properties. HRT influences gene expression in e.g. cytoskeletal and cell-matrix proteins, has a stimulating effect upon IGF-I, and a role in IL-6 and adipokine regulation. Despite low circulating steroid-hormone level, postmenopausal women have a high local concentration of steroidogenic enzymes in skeletal muscle. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 4 | 44% |
Norway | 1 | 11% |
United States | 1 | 11% |
Australia | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 2 | 22% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 44% |
Scientists | 3 | 33% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 22% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 1% |
Brazil | 2 | 1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Israel | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 137 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 25 | 17% |
Student > Master | 19 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 15 | 10% |
Researcher | 14 | 10% |
Other | 9 | 6% |
Other | 29 | 20% |
Unknown | 32 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 34 | 24% |
Sports and Recreations | 21 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 5% |
Other | 17 | 12% |
Unknown | 42 | 29% |