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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Neutrophil swarming and extracellular trap formation play a significant role in Alum adjuvant activity
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
npj Vaccines, January 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1038/s41541-016-0001-5 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
J. Stephen, H. E. Scales, R. A. Benson, D. Erben, P. Garside, J. M. Brewer |
| Abstract |
There are over 6 billion vaccine doses administered each year, most containing aluminium-based adjuvants, yet we still do not have a complete understanding of their mechanisms of action. Recent evidence has identified host DNA and downstream sensing as playing a significant role in aluminium adjuvant (aluminium hydroxide) activity. However, the cellular source of this DNA, how it is sensed by the immune system and the consequences of this for vaccination remains unclear. Here we show that the very early injection site reaction is characterised by inflammatory chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment. Intravital imaging demonstrates that the Alum injection site is a focus of neutrophil swarms and extracellular DNA strands. These strands were confirmed as neutrophil extracellular traps due to their sensitivity to DNAse and absence in mice deficient in peptidylarginine deiminase 4. Further studies in PAD4-/- mice confirmed a significant role for neutrophil extracellular trap formation in the adjuvant activity of Alum. By revealing neutrophils recruited to the site of Alum injection as a source of the DNA that is detected by the immune system this study provides the missing link between Alum injection and the activation of DNA sensors that enhance adjuvant activity, elucidating a key mechanism of action for this important vaccine component. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 30 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 15 | 50% |
| Mexico | 1 | 3% |
| Canada | 1 | 3% |
| Australia | 1 | 3% |
| United States | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 11 | 37% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 16 | 53% |
| Scientists | 11 | 37% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 83 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 83 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 17 | 20% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 10 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 7% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 11 | 13% |
| Unknown | 23 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Immunology and Microbiology | 19 | 23% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 16% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 10% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 10% |
| Engineering | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 5 | 6% |
| Unknown | 27 | 33% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 19. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 16 May 2019.
All research outputs
#1,881,542
of 24,527,525 outputs
Outputs from npj Vaccines
#188
of 724 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#39,702
of 427,622 outputs
Outputs of similar age from npj Vaccines
#4
of 6 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,527,525 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 92nd percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 724 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 50.1. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 74% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 427,622 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 90% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 6 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 2 of them.