Title |
A Straightforward Approach for 3D Bacterial Printing
|
---|---|
Published in |
ACS Synthetic Biology, March 2017
|
DOI | 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00395 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Benjamin A. E. Lehner, Dominik T. Schmieden, Anne S. Meyer |
Abstract |
Sustainable and personally tailored materials production is an emerging challenge to society. Living organisms can produce and pattern an extraordinarily wide range of different molecules in a sustainable way. These natural systems offer an abundant source of inspiration for the development of new environmentally-friendly materials production techniques. In this paper, we describe the first steps towards the 3-dimensional printing of bacterial cultures for materials production and patterning. This methodology combines the capability of bacteria to form new materials with the reproducibility and tailored approach of 3D printing systems. For this purpose, a commercial 3D printer was modified for bacterial systems, and new alginate-based bio-ink chemistry was developed. Printing temperature, printhead speed, and bio-ink extrusion rate were all adapted and customized to maximize bacterial health and spatial resolution of printed structures. Our combination of 3D printing technology with biological systems enables a sustainable approach for the production of numerous new materials. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 6 | 23% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 15% |
Denmark | 2 | 8% |
Spain | 2 | 8% |
Germany | 1 | 4% |
India | 1 | 4% |
Malaysia | 1 | 4% |
Australia | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 8 | 31% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 18 | 69% |
Scientists | 7 | 27% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 286 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 57 | 20% |
Researcher | 53 | 18% |
Student > Master | 34 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 26 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 14 | 5% |
Other | 36 | 13% |
Unknown | 67 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 50 | 17% |
Engineering | 42 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 29 | 10% |
Materials Science | 21 | 7% |
Chemistry | 20 | 7% |
Other | 44 | 15% |
Unknown | 81 | 28% |