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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
The Human Urine Metabolome
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, September 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0073076 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Souhaila Bouatra, Farid Aziat, Rupasri Mandal, An Chi Guo, Michael R. Wilson, Craig Knox, Trent C. Bjorndahl, Ramanarayan Krishnamurthy, Fozia Saleem, Philip Liu, Zerihun T. Dame, Jenna Poelzer, Jessica Huynh, Faizath S. Yallou, Nick Psychogios, Edison Dong, Ralf Bogumil, Cornelia Roehring, David S. Wishart |
| Abstract |
Urine has long been a "favored" biofluid among metabolomics researchers. It is sterile, easy-to-obtain in large volumes, largely free from interfering proteins or lipids and chemically complex. However, this chemical complexity has also made urine a particularly difficult substrate to fully understand. As a biological waste material, urine typically contains metabolic breakdown products from a wide range of foods, drinks, drugs, environmental contaminants, endogenous waste metabolites and bacterial by-products. Many of these compounds are poorly characterized and poorly understood. In an effort to improve our understanding of this biofluid we have undertaken a comprehensive, quantitative, metabolome-wide characterization of human urine. This involved both computer-aided literature mining and comprehensive, quantitative experimental assessment/validation. The experimental portion employed NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), direct flow injection mass spectrometry (DFI/LC-MS/MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments performed on multiple human urine samples. This multi-platform metabolomic analysis allowed us to identify 445 and quantify 378 unique urine metabolites or metabolite species. The different analytical platforms were able to identify (quantify) a total of: 209 (209) by NMR, 179 (85) by GC-MS, 127 (127) by DFI/LC-MS/MS, 40 (40) by ICP-MS and 10 (10) by HPLC. Our use of multiple metabolomics platforms and technologies allowed us to identify several previously unknown urine metabolites and to substantially enhance the level of metabolome coverage. It also allowed us to critically assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of different platforms or technologies. The literature review led to the identification and annotation of another 2206 urinary compounds and was used to help guide the subsequent experimental studies. An online database containing the complete set of 2651 confirmed human urine metabolite species, their structures (3079 in total), concentrations, related literature references and links to their known disease associations are freely available at http://www.urinemetabolome.ca. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 74 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 18 | 24% |
| Netherlands | 5 | 7% |
| India | 2 | 3% |
| Saudi Arabia | 2 | 3% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 3% |
| Germany | 2 | 3% |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 2 | 3% |
| Korea, Republic of | 1 | 1% |
| Montenegro | 1 | 1% |
| Other | 9 | 12% |
| Unknown | 30 | 41% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 52 | 70% |
| Scientists | 15 | 20% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 5% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 1,608 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 8 | <1% |
| United States | 5 | <1% |
| Spain | 4 | <1% |
| Germany | 3 | <1% |
| Canada | 3 | <1% |
| South Africa | 2 | <1% |
| Switzerland | 2 | <1% |
| Poland | 2 | <1% |
| China | 2 | <1% |
| Other | 10 | <1% |
| Unknown | 1567 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 309 | 19% |
| Researcher | 251 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 194 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 180 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 81 | 5% |
| Other | 212 | 13% |
| Unknown | 381 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 256 | 16% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 249 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 209 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 129 | 8% |
| Engineering | 61 | 4% |
| Other | 252 | 16% |
| Unknown | 452 | 28% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 379. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 31 October 2023.
All research outputs
#83,979
of 25,802,847 outputs
Outputs from PLOS ONE
#1,385
of 224,990 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#504
of 209,962 outputs
Outputs of similar age from PLOS ONE
#29
of 5,084 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,802,847 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 224,990 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.8. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 209,962 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 5,084 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.