Chapter title |
Low Protein Formula: Consequences of Quantitative Effects of Pre-analytical Factors on Amino Acid Concentrations in Plasma of Healthy Infants
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Chapter number | 566 |
Book title |
JIMD Reports, Volume 32
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Published in |
JIMD Reports, June 2016
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DOI | 10.1007/8904_2016_566 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-66-254384-9, 978-3-66-254385-6
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Authors |
Claude Bachmann, Alexander Kainz, Elisabeth Haschke-Becher |
Editors |
Eva Morava, Matthias Baumgartner, Marc Patterson, Shamima Rahman, Johannes Zschocke, Verena Peters |
Abstract |
Quantifying pre-analytical effects of postprandial sampling delay and daily protein intake on plasma amino acid concentrations in healthy infants fed formula with low protein content (1.8-1.9 g/100 kcal). Intake of formula with higher protein content bears a risk for later obesity (Kirchberg, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(1):149-158, 2015). Formulas containing less than 1.8 g protein might be adequate but not safe (Fomon, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:495-501, 1999). With on-demand feeding reproducible controls of indispensible amino acid concentration cannot be made at trough level. Data of 102 healthy infants aged 1 month and 79 aged 4 months fed formula with low protein content were obtained from a previous study (Haschke-Becher, J Inherit Metab Dis 39(1):25-37, 2016). They were analysed by multiple regression. Independent variables were the postprandial sampling delay from 2.25 to 4.5 h and the daily protein intake. Dependant variables were the amino acid concentrations. The combined effect was calculated with the natural logarithm of the amino acid concentration. Most amino acids fitted a significant exponential decrease due to the sampling delay, except of aspartate, citrulline, glutamine, glutamate, histidine, tryptophan and tyrosine at 1 month; and at 4 months except of citrulline, glutamine, glutamate, glycine and ornithine. Significant effects of protein intake were found for lysine and serine at 1 month and for glutamate at 4 months of age. Lowest limits of significant amino acid concentrations were calculated by extrapolation of sampling delay to 5 h and using the 10th percentile after back-transformation to μmol/L. A procedure to avoid the pitfall of overestimating amino acid concentration is presented. |
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Geographical breakdown
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Professor > Associate Professor | 1 | 50% |
Student > Postgraduate | 1 | 50% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 50% |