Title |
Photoregulation in a Kleptochloroplastidic Dinoflagellate, Dinophysis acuta
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Microbiology, May 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00785 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Per J. Hansen, Karin Ojamäe, Terje Berge, Erik C. L. Trampe, Lasse T. Nielsen, Inga Lips, Michael Kühl |
Abstract |
Some phagotrophic organisms can retain chloroplasts of their photosynthetic prey as so-called kleptochloroplasts and maintain their function for shorter or longer periods of time. Here we show for the first time that the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta takes control over "third-hand" chloroplasts obtained from its ciliate prey Mesodinium spp. that originally ingested the cryptophyte chloroplasts. With its kleptochloroplasts, D. acuta can synthesize photosynthetic as well as photoprotective pigments under long-term starvation in the light. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that the kleptochloroplasts were fully functional during 1 month of prey starvation, while the chlorophyll a-specific inorganic carbon uptake decreased within days of prey starvation under an irradiance of 100 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1). While D. acuta cells can regulate their pigmentation and function of kleptochloroplasts they apparently lose the ability to maintain high inorganic carbon fixation rates. |
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