Title |
High Infection Rates for Adult Macaques after Intravaginal or Intrarectal Inoculation with Zika Virus - Volume 23, Number 8—August 2017 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
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Published in |
Emerging Infectious Diseases, August 2017
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DOI | 10.3201/eid2308.170036 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Andrew D. Haddow, Aysegul Nalca, Franco D. Rossi, Lynn J. Miller, Michael R. Wiley, Unai Perez-Sautu, Samuel C. Washington, Sarah L. Norris, Suzanne E. Wollen-Roberts, Joshua D. Shamblin, Adrienne E. Kimmel, Holly A. Bloomfield, Stephanie M. Valdez, Thomas R. Sprague, Lucia M. Principe, Stephanie A. Bellanca, Stephanie S. Cinkovich, Luis Lugo-Roman, Lisa H. Cazares, William D. Pratt, Gustavo F. Palacios, Sina Bavari, M. Louise Pitt, Farooq Nasar |
Abstract |
Unprotected sexual intercourse between persons residing in or traveling from regions with Zika virus transmission is a risk factor for infection. To model risk for infection after sexual intercourse, we inoculated rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with Zika virus by intravaginal or intrarectal routes. In macaques inoculated intravaginally, we detected viremia in 75% of macaques and virus RNA in 100%, followed by seroconversion. In macaques inoculated intrarectally, we detected viremia, virus RNA, or both, in 100% of both species, followed by seroconversion. The magnitude and duration of infectious virus in blood of macaques suggest humans infected with Zika virus through sexual transmission will likely generate viremias sufficient to infect competent mosquito vectors. Our results indicate that transmission of Zika virus by sexual intercourse might serve as a virus maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-human transmission and could increase the probability of establishment and spread of Zika virus in regions where this virus is not present. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 10 | 59% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 6% |
Belgium | 1 | 6% |
Ecuador | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 4 | 24% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 12 | 71% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 18% |
Scientists | 2 | 12% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 62 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 12 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 13% |
Other | 6 | 10% |
Student > Master | 6 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 8% |
Other | 14 | 23% |
Unknown | 11 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Immunology and Microbiology | 13 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 15% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 10% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 4 | 6% |
Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 14 | 23% |