Report for: Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European

Title	Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European
Published in	Nature, January 2014
DOI	10.1038/nature12960
Pubmed ID	24463515
Authors	Iñigo Olalde, Morten E. Allentoft, Federico Sánchez-Quinto, Gabriel Santpere, Charleston W. K. Chiang, Michael DeGiorgio, Javier Prado-Martinez, Juan Antonio Rodríguez, Simon Rasmussen, Javier Quilez, Oscar Ramírez, Urko M. Marigorta, Marcos Fernández-Callejo, María Encina Prada, Julio Manuel Vidal Encinas, Rasmus Nielsen, Mihai G. Netea, John Novembre, Richard A. Sturm, Pardis Sabeti, Tomàs Marquès-Bonet, Arcadi Navarro, Eske Willerslev, Carles Lalueza-Fox
Abstract	Ancient genomic sequences have started to reveal the origin and the demographic impact of farmers from the Neolithic period spreading into Europe. The adoption of farming, stock breeding and sedentary societies during the Neolithic may have resulted in adaptive changes in genes associated with immunity and diet. However, the limited data available from earlier hunter-gatherers preclude an understanding of the selective processes associated with this crucial transition to agriculture in recent human evolution. Here we sequence an approximately 7,000-year-old Mesolithic skeleton discovered at the La Braña-Arintero site in León, Spain, to retrieve a complete pre-agricultural European human genome. Analysis of this genome in the context of other ancient samples suggests the existence of a common ancient genomic signature across western and central Eurasia from the Upper Paleolithic to the Mesolithic. The La Braña individual carries ancestral alleles in several skin pigmentation genes, suggesting that the light skin of modern Europeans was not yet ubiquitous in Mesolithic times. Moreover, we provide evidence that a significant number of derived, putatively adaptive variants associated with pathogen resistance in modern Europeans were already present in this hunter-gatherer.

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Geographical breakdown

Country	Count	As %
Spain	33	11%
United States	30	10%
Japan	25	8%
United Kingdom	16	5%
France	8	3%
Canada	8	3%
Italy	5	2%
Germany	5	2%
Kuwait	4	1%
Other	34	11%
Unknown	140	45%

Demographic breakdown

Type	Count	As %
Members of the public	265	86%
Scientists	33	11%
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors)	7	2%
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals)	3	<1%

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 403 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country	Count	As %
United Kingdom	10	2%
Germany	7	2%
United States	6	1%
Ireland	2	<1%
Spain	2	<1%
Sweden	1	<1%
Denmark	1	<1%
Chile	1	<1%
Czechia	1	<1%
Other	7	2%
Unknown	365	91%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status	Count	As %
Researcher	96	24%
Student > Ph. D. Student	91	23%
Student > Bachelor	50	12%
Student > Master	31	8%
Other	29	7%
Other	105	26%
Unknown	1	<1%

Readers by discipline	Count	As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences	197	49%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology	62	15%
Unspecified	28	7%
Arts and Humanities	27	7%
Social Sciences	24	6%
Other	64	16%
Unknown	1	<1%

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This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 990. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 July 2019.

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#4,170

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Altmetric has tracked 13,646,592 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.

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Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European

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