Title |
High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk
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Published in |
BMC Microbiology, February 2014
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2180-14-41 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Talima Pearson, Heidie M Hornstra, Remy Hilsabeck, Lauren T Gates, Sonora M Olivas, Dawn M Birdsell, Carina M Hall, Sabrina German, James M Cook, Meagan L Seymour, Rachael A Priestley, Ashley V Kondas, Christine L Clark Friedman, Erin P Price, James M Schupp, Cindy M Liu, Lance B Price, Robert F Massung, Gilbert J Kersh, Paul Keim |
Abstract |
Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever in humans and Coxiellosis in animals; symptoms range from general malaise to fever, pneumonia, endocarditis and death. Livestock are a significant source of human infection as they shed C. burnetii cells in birth tissues, milk, urine and feces. Although prevalence of C. burnetii is high, few Q fever cases are reported in the U.S. and we have a limited understanding of their connectedness due to difficulties in genotyping. Here, we develop canonical SNP genotyping assays to evaluate spatial and temporal relationships among C. burnetii environmental samples and compare them across studies. Given the genotypic diversity of historical collections, we hypothesized that the current enzootic of Coxiellosis is caused by multiple circulating genotypes. We collected A) 23 milk samples from a single bovine herd, B) 134 commercial bovine and caprine milk samples from across the U.S., and C) 400 bovine and caprine samples from six milk processing plants over three years. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | 1% |
Sweden | 1 | 1% |
Denmark | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 67 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 16 | 23% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 19% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 13% |
Student > Master | 6 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 6% |
Other | 9 | 13% |
Unknown | 13 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 29% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 16 | 23% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 7% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 5 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 9% |
Unknown | 13 | 19% |