Title |
The giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum and its thiotrophic epibiont Candidatus Thiobios zoothamnicoli: a model system to study interspecies cooperation
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Microbiology, April 2014
|
DOI | 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00145 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Monika Bright, Salvador Espada-Hinojosa, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Jean-Marie Volland |
Abstract |
Symbioses between chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing (thiotrophic) bacteria and protists or animals are among the most diverse and prevalent in the ocean. They are extremely difficult to maintain in aquaria and no thiotrophic symbiosis involving an animal host has ever been successfully cultivated. In contrast, we have cultivated the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum and its obligate ectosymbiont Candidatus Thiobios zoothamnicoli in small flow-through aquaria. This review provides an overview of the host and the symbiont and their phylogenetic relationships. We summarize our knowledge on the ecology, geographic distribution and life cycle of the host, on the vertical transmission of the symbiont, and on the cultivation of this symbiosis. We then discuss the benefits and costs involved in this cooperation compared with other thiotrophic symbioses and outline our view on the evolution and persistence of this byproduct mutualism. |
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Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 3 | 30% |
Spain | 2 | 20% |
Unknown | 5 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Scientists | 5 | 50% |
Members of the public | 3 | 30% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Czechia | 1 | 1% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 66 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 24% |
Student > Master | 16 | 23% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 13% |
Researcher | 7 | 10% |
Other | 7 | 10% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Unknown | 10 | 14% |
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Environmental Science | 10 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 4% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 3 | 4% |
Other | 8 | 11% |
Unknown | 15 | 21% |