Title |
LPS alters the immuno-phenotype of glioma and glioma stem-like cells and induces in vivo antitumor immunity via TLR4
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Published in |
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, June 2017
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DOI | 10.1186/s13046-017-0552-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sheng Han, Chao Wang, Xiaofei Qin, Junzhe Xia, Anhua Wu |
Abstract |
This study examined the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to affect glioma and glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) in vitro and to induce antitumor immunity in vivo and the role of TLR4 in these processes. Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of TLR4 in 34 glioblastoma clinical samples. Using real time-PCR, western blot and ELISA analyses, the effect of LPS stimulation on the expression of immune related molecules was evaluated in RG2 and U87 GSCs. Control or LPS-pretreated RG2 GSCs were intracranially or subcutaneously implanted into wild-type or nude Fisher 344 rats. Histopathological examinations were used to assess tumor progression and immune infiltration and Kaplan-Meier analyses to compare survival times of the animal models. TLR4 was highly expressed in glioblastoma clinical samples. In vitro LPS stimulation for 6 h significantly altered expression of immune related molecules in RG2 and U87 GSCs. However, prolonged LPS stimulation diminished this effect. Rats inoculated intracranially with LPS-pretreated RG2 GSCs survived significantly longer than rats inoculated with control RG2 GSCs. In vivo, LPS-pretreated RG2 GSCs expressed higher levels of MHC molecules, CXCL10 and TNF-α and recruited more CD8(+) lymphocytes. However, intratumoral LPS treatment was not equally beneficial. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo effects of LPS stimulation appeared to be largely TLR4-dependent. LPS pretreatment promotes the recognition and eradication of tumor GSCs in vivo when the immune function of the tumor-bearing host is intact. In addition, our data indicate a complex relationship between bacterial infection and glioma prognosis. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 34 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 24% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 21% |
Student > Master | 6 | 18% |
Researcher | 3 | 9% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 9 | 26% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 18% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 15% |
Neuroscience | 3 | 9% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 6% |
Other | 7 | 21% |
Unknown | 9 | 26% |