Chapter title |
DNA Methyltransferases in Mammalian Oocytes
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 10 |
Book title |
Oocytes
|
Published in |
Results and problems in cell differentiation, January 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_10 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-960854-9, 978-3-31-960855-6
|
Authors |
Fatma Uysal, Saffet Ozturk |
Abstract |
Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in properly occurring mammalian oogenesis. One of these mechanisms is DNA methylation adding a methyl group to the fifth carbon atom of the cytosine residues using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor. DNA methylation generally takes place at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites and rarely occurs at cytosine-phosphate-thymine (CpT), cytosine-phosphate-adenine (CpA), or cytosine-phosphate-cytosine sites, known as non-CpG sites. Basically, two different DNA methylation processes are identified: de novo methylation and maintenance methylation. While the de novo methylation functions in methylation of unmethylated DNA strands, maintenance methylation is capable of methylating hemi-methylated DNA strands following DNA replication. Both DNA methylation processes are catalyzed by special DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes. To date, five different DNMTs have been identified: DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L, and DNMT2. In this chapter, we focus particularly on temporal and spatial expression of DNMTs in mammalian oocytes and granulosa cells. |
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