English Nikolai Kardashev Cited by user Citation bot on 07 Jul 2022 Nikolai Semyonovich Kardashev was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and the deputy director of the Astro Space Center of…
English Kardashev scale Cited by user IrrationalBeing on 03 Apr 2022 The Kardashev scale (Шкала Кардашева) is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is able to use.