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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Confirmation and Distribution of Tetrodotoxin for the First Time in Terrestrial Invertebrates: Two Terrestrial Flatworm Species (Bipalium adventitium and Bipalium kewense)
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, June 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0100718 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Amber N. Stokes, Peter K. Ducey, Lorin Neuman-Lee, Charles T. Hanifin, Susannah S. French, Michael E. Pfrender, Edmund D. Brodie, Edmund D. Brodie |
| Abstract |
The potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) is known from a diverse array of taxa, but is unknown in terrestrial invertebrates. Tetrodotoxin is a low molecular weight compound that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, inducing paralysis. However, the origins and ecological functions of TTX in most taxa remain mysterious. Here, we show that TTX is present in two species of terrestrial flatworm (Bipalium adventitium and Bipalium kewense) using a competitive inhibition enzymatic immunoassay to quantify the toxin and high phase liquid chromatography to confirm the presence. We also investigated the distribution of TTX throughout the bodies of the flatworms and provide evidence suggesting that TTX is used during predation to subdue large prey items. We also show that the egg capsules of B. adventitium have TTX, indicating a further role in defense. These data suggest a potential route for TTX bioaccumulation in terrestrial systems. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 210 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | 53 | 25% |
| United States | 3 | 1% |
| Thailand | 1 | <1% |
| China | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 1 | <1% |
| Austria | 1 | <1% |
| Comoros | 1 | <1% |
| Finland | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 4 | 2% |
| Unknown | 143 | 68% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 202 | 96% |
| Scientists | 7 | 3% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 67 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 2 | 3% |
| Peru | 1 | 1% |
| Spain | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 63 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 18% |
| Researcher | 8 | 12% |
| Other | 7 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 5 | 7% |
| Other | 9 | 13% |
| Unknown | 13 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 19 | 28% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 21% |
| Environmental Science | 6 | 9% |
| Chemistry | 3 | 4% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 3% |
| Other | 5 | 7% |
| Unknown | 18 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 268. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 February 2023.
All research outputs
#138,823
of 25,928,676 outputs
Outputs from PLOS ONE
#2,134
of 226,364 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#1,012
of 243,788 outputs
Outputs of similar age from PLOS ONE
#43
of 4,437 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,928,676 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 226,364 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.9. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 243,788 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 4,437 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.