Nahidah Ibrahim Hammadi, Yusuf Abba, Mohd Noor Mohd Hezmee, Intan Shameha Abdul Razak, Aminu Umar Kura, Zuki Abu Bakar Zakaria
Abstract
Cockle shell-derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles have shown promising potentials as slow drug-releasing compounds in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro efficacy of docetaxel (DTX)-loaded CaCO3NP on 4T1 cell line. This was achieved by evaluating the following: cytotoxicity using MTT assay, fluorescence imaging, apoptosis with Annexin V assay, cell cycle analysis, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scratch assay. Based on the results, DTX-CaCO3NP with a DTX concentration of 0.5 μg/mL and above had comparable cytotoxic effects with free DTX at 24 h, while all concentrations had similar cytotoxic effect on 4T1 cells at 48 and 72 h. Fluorescence and apoptosis assay showed a higher (p < 0.05) number of apoptotic cells in both free DTX and DTX-CaCO3NP groups. Cell cycle analysis showed cycle arrest at subG0 and G2/M phases in both treatment groups. SEM showed presence of cellular blebbing, while TEM showed nuclear fragmentation, apoptosis, and vacuolation in the treatment groups. Scratch assay showed lower (p < 0.05) closure in both free DTX and DTX-CaCO3NP groups. The results from this study showed that DTX-CaCO3NP has similar anticancer effects on 4T1 cells as free DTX, and since it has a slow release rate, it is a more preferred substitute for free DTX.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
6%
Immunology and Microbiology
2
6%
Nursing and Health Professions
1
3%
Other
5
15%
Unknown
13
39%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 September 2017.
All research outputs
#15,479,632
of 23,002,898 outputs
Outputs from In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal
#488
of 797 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#198,603
of 316,186 outputs
Outputs of similar age from In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal
#3
of 5 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,002,898 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 22nd percentile – i.e., 22% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 797 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.4. This one is in the 31st percentile – i.e., 31% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 316,186 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 28th percentile – i.e., 28% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 5 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 2 of them.
