Title |
Social transmission of tool use and tool manufacture in Goffin cockatoos (Cacatua goffini)
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Published in |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, October 2014
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DOI | 10.1098/rspb.2014.0972 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
A M I Auersperg, A M I von Bayern, S Weber, A Szabadvari, T Bugnyar, A Kacelnik |
Abstract |
Tool use can be inherited, or acquired as an individual innovation or by social transmission. Having previously reported individual innovative tool use and manufacture by a Goffin cockatoo, we used the innovator (Figaro, a male) as a demonstrator to investigate social transmission. Twelve Goffins saw either demonstrations by Figaro, or 'ghost' controls where tools and/or food were manipulated using magnets. Subjects observing demonstrations showed greater tool-related performance than ghost controls, with all three males in this group (but not the three females) acquiring tool-using competence. Two of these three males further acquired tool-manufacturing competence. As the actions of successful observers differed from those of the demonstrator, result emulation rather than high-fidelity imitation is the most plausible transmission mechanism. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 10 | 37% |
India | 1 | 4% |
United States | 1 | 4% |
Germany | 1 | 4% |
Hong Kong | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 13 | 48% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 20 | 74% |
Scientists | 7 | 26% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 5 | 3% |
Germany | 2 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Finland | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Austria | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Argentina | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 142 | 90% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 32 | 20% |
Student > Bachelor | 25 | 16% |
Researcher | 24 | 15% |
Student > Master | 17 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 6% |
Other | 25 | 16% |
Unknown | 25 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 72 | 46% |
Psychology | 21 | 13% |
Neuroscience | 8 | 5% |
Environmental Science | 7 | 4% |
Arts and Humanities | 5 | 3% |
Other | 14 | 9% |
Unknown | 30 | 19% |