Title |
Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature, October 2014
|
DOI | 10.1038/nature13810 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Qiaomei Fu, Heng Li, Priya Moorjani, Flora Jay, Sergey M. Slepchenko, Aleksei A. Bondarev, Philip L. F. Johnson, Ayinuer Aximu-Petri, Kay Prüfer, Cesare de Filippo, Matthias Meyer, Nicolas Zwyns, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Susan G. Keates, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Dmitry I. Razhev, Michael P. Richards, Nikolai V. Peristov, Michael Lachmann, Katerina Douka, Thomas F. G. Higham, Montgomery Slatkin, Jean-Jacques Hublin, David Reich, Janet Kelso, T. Bence Viola, Svante Pääbo |
Abstract |
We present the high-quality genome sequence of a ∼45,000-year-old modern human male from Siberia. This individual derives from a population that lived before-or simultaneously with-the separation of the populations in western and eastern Eurasia and carries a similar amount of Neanderthal ancestry as present-day Eurasians. However, the genomic segments of Neanderthal ancestry are substantially longer than those observed in present-day individuals, indicating that Neanderthal gene flow into the ancestors of this individual occurred 7,000-13,000 years before he lived. We estimate an autosomal mutation rate of 0.4 × 10(-9) to 0.6 × 10(-9) per site per year, a Y chromosomal mutation rate of 0.7 × 10(-9) to 0.9 × 10(-9) per site per year based on the additional substitutions that have occurred in present-day non-Africans compared to this genome, and a mitochondrial mutation rate of 1.8 × 10(-8) to 3.2 × 10(-8) per site per year based on the age of the bone. |
Twitter Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 35 | 15% |
United Kingdom | 29 | 13% |
France | 12 | 5% |
Japan | 11 | 5% |
Australia | 6 | 3% |
Canada | 6 | 3% |
Sweden | 4 | 2% |
Switzerland | 4 | 2% |
Germany | 4 | 2% |
Other | 28 | 12% |
Unknown | 87 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 147 | 65% |
Scientists | 65 | 29% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 11 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 13 | 1% |
Germany | 10 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 7 | <1% |
Spain | 4 | <1% |
China | 3 | <1% |
Canada | 3 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Portugal | 2 | <1% |
Mexico | 2 | <1% |
Other | 15 | 2% |
Unknown | 888 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 235 | 25% |
Researcher | 169 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 131 | 14% |
Student > Master | 95 | 10% |
Professor | 45 | 5% |
Other | 161 | 17% |
Unknown | 113 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 328 | 35% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 191 | 20% |
Arts and Humanities | 88 | 9% |
Social Sciences | 58 | 6% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 32 | 3% |
Other | 114 | 12% |
Unknown | 138 | 15% |