Title |
Engineering exosomes as refined biological nanoplatforms for drug delivery
|
---|---|
Published in |
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, April 2017
|
DOI | 10.1038/aps.2017.12 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Xin Luan, Kanokwan Sansanaphongpricha, Ila Myers, Hongwei Chen, Hebao Yuan, Duxin Sun |
Abstract |
Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been recognized as important mediators of long distance intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes. Because of their ideal native structure and characteristics, exosomes are promising nanocarriers for clinical use. Exosomes are engineered at the cellular level under natural conditions, but successful exosome modification requires further exploration. The focus of this paper is to summarize passive and active loading approaches, as well as specific exosome modifications and examples of the delivery of therapeutic and imaging molecules. Examples of exosomes derived from a variety of biological origins are also provided. The biocompatible characteristics of exosomes, with suitable modifications, can increase the stability and efficacy of imaging probes and therapeutics while enhancing cellular uptake. Challenges in clinical translation of exosome-based platforms from different cell sources and the advantages of each are also reviewed and discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 990 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 166 | 17% |
Student > Master | 154 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 123 | 12% |
Researcher | 122 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 50 | 5% |
Other | 103 | 10% |
Unknown | 273 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 221 | 22% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 96 | 10% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 74 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 57 | 6% |
Engineering | 56 | 6% |
Other | 157 | 16% |
Unknown | 330 | 33% |