Title |
Midbrain circuits that set locomotor speed and gait selection
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature, January 2018
|
DOI | 10.1038/nature25448 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
V. Caggiano, R. Leiras, H. Goñi-Erro, D. Masini, C. Bellardita, J. Bouvier, V. Caldeira, G. Fisone, O. Kiehn |
Abstract |
Locomotion is a fundamental motor function common to the animal kingdom. It is implemented episodically and adapted to behavioural needs, including exploration, which requires slow locomotion, and escape behaviour, which necessitates faster speeds. The control of these functions originates in brainstem structures, although the neuronal substrate(s) that support them have not yet been elucidated. Here we show in mice that speed and gait selection are controlled by glutamatergic excitatory neurons (GlutNs) segregated in two distinct midbrain nuclei: the cuneiform nucleus (CnF) and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). GlutNs in both of these regions contribute to the control of slower, alternating-gait locomotion, whereas only GlutNs in the CnF are able to elicit high-speed, synchronous-gait locomotion. Additionally, both the activation dynamics and the input and output connectivity matrices of GlutNs in the PPN and the CnF support explorative and escape locomotion, respectively. Our results identify two regions in the midbrain that act in conjunction to select context-dependent locomotor behaviours. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 21 | 22% |
United Kingdom | 7 | 7% |
Denmark | 4 | 4% |
Japan | 3 | 3% |
Canada | 3 | 3% |
Australia | 2 | 2% |
Ireland | 2 | 2% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Switzerland | 1 | 1% |
Other | 8 | 8% |
Unknown | 45 | 46% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 68 | 70% |
Scientists | 25 | 26% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 3% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 550 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 116 | 21% |
Researcher | 108 | 20% |
Student > Master | 51 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 36 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 31 | 6% |
Other | 105 | 19% |
Unknown | 103 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 222 | 40% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 83 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 35 | 6% |
Engineering | 21 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 15 | 3% |
Other | 63 | 11% |
Unknown | 111 | 20% |