Title |
S100 Proteins As an Important Regulator of Macrophage Inflammation
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, January 2018
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01908 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Chang Xia, Zachary Braunstein, Amelia C. Toomey, Jixin Zhong, Xiaoquan Rao |
Abstract |
The S100 proteins, a family of calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, have a broad range of intracellular and extracellular functions through regulating calcium balance, cell apoptosis, migration, proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and inflammation. The intracellular functions of S100 proteins involve interaction with intracellular receptors, membrane protein recruitment/transportation, transcriptional regulation and integrating with enzymes or nucleic acids, and DNA repair. The S100 proteins could also be released from the cytoplasm, induced by tissue/cell damage and cellular stress. The extracellular S100 proteins, serving as a danger signal, are crucial in regulating immune homeostasis, post-traumatic injury, and inflammation. Extracellular S100 proteins are also considered biomarkers for some specific diseases. In this review, we will discuss the multi-functional roles of S100 proteins, especially their potential roles associated with cell migration, differentiation, tissue repair, and inflammation. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 54% |
Mexico | 2 | 15% |
Ireland | 1 | 8% |
Switzerland | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 2 | 15% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 12 | 92% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 421 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 89 | 21% |
Student > Bachelor | 42 | 10% |
Researcher | 39 | 9% |
Student > Master | 37 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 25 | 6% |
Other | 59 | 14% |
Unknown | 130 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 66 | 16% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 52 | 12% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 45 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 34 | 8% |
Neuroscience | 18 | 4% |
Other | 59 | 14% |
Unknown | 147 | 35% |