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Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Activin A Induces Langerhans Cell Differentiation In Vitro and in Human Skin Explants
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, September 2008
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0003271 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Tiziana Musso, Sara Scutera, William Vermi, Roberta Daniele, Michele Fornaro, Carlotta Castagnoli, Daniela Alotto, Maria Ravanini, Irene Cambieri, Laura Salogni, Angela Rita Elia, Mirella Giovarelli, Fabio Facchetti, Giampiero Girolomoni, Silvano Sozzani |
| Abstract |
Langerhans cells (LC) represent a well characterized subset of dendritic cells located in the epidermis of skin and mucosae. In vivo, they originate from resident and blood-borne precursors in the presence of keratinocyte-derived TGFbeta. In vitro, LC can be generated from monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4 and TGFbeta. However, the signals that induce LC during an inflammatory reaction are not fully investigated. Here we report that Activin A, a TGFbeta family member induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and involved in skin morphogenesis and wound healing, induces the differentiation of human monocytes into LC in the absence of TGFbeta. Activin A-induced LC are Langerin+, Birbeck granules+, E-cadherin+, CLA+ and CCR6+ and possess typical APC functions. In human skin explants, intradermal injection of Activin A increased the number of CD1a+ and Langerin+ cells in both the epidermis and dermis by promoting the differentiation of resident precursor cells. High levels of Activin A were present in the upper epidermal layers and in the dermis of Lichen Planus biopsies in association with a marked infiltration of CD1a+ and Langerin+ cells. This study reports that Activin A induces the differentiation of circulating CD14+ cells into LC. Since Activin A is abundantly produced during inflammatory conditions which are also characterized by increased numbers of LC, we propose that this cytokine represents a new pathway, alternative to TGFbeta, responsible for LC differentiation during inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 66 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | 2 | 3% |
| Ireland | 1 | 2% |
| Germany | 1 | 2% |
| Austria | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 61 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 14 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 14% |
| Other | 8 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 6% |
| Other | 13 | 20% |
| Unknown | 12 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 26 | 39% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 15% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 9 | 14% |
| Engineering | 3 | 5% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 3% |
| Other | 3 | 5% |
| Unknown | 13 | 20% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 August 2011.
All research outputs
#7,453,126
of 22,785,242 outputs
Outputs from PLOS ONE
#88,756
of 194,455 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#31,569
of 87,854 outputs
Outputs of similar age from PLOS ONE
#256
of 410 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,785,242 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 194,455 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.1. This one is in the 49th percentile – i.e., 49% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 87,854 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 18th percentile – i.e., 18% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 410 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.