Chapter title |
Modulation of edema by dizocilpine, kynurenate, and NBQX in respiring brain slices after exposure to glutamate.
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Chapter number | 15 |
Book title |
Brain Edema IX
|
Published in |
Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum, January 1994
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-7091-9334-1_15 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-70-919336-5, 978-3-70-919334-1
|
Authors |
M. T. Espanol, Y. Xu, Lawrence Litt, L.-H. Chang, T. L. James, P. R. Weinstein, P. H. Chan, Espanol, M. T., Xu, Y., Litt, Lawrence, Chang, L.-H., James, T. L., Weinstein, P. R., Chan, P. H. |
Abstract |
Brain edema caused by glutamate excitotoxicity was studied in well oxygenated neonatal cerebrocortical brain slices (350 mu thick). Slices exposed to 60 minutes of 2 mM glutamate, with or without glutamate antagonists (dizocilpine, kynurenate, or NBQX), were allowed to recover for 60 minutes. The protocol was identical to that in noninvasive multinuclear NMR spectroscopy studies (31P/1H/19F) of live slices. Percent water and swelling were determined invasively in isolated slices by wet and dry weight measurements before and after glutamate exposure. Edema was detectable within minutes in all experiments with glutamate exposures, but not in untreated control slices. Dizocilpine, kynurenate, and NBQX differently affected swelling, which correlated with PCr and ATP loss in separate NMR studies. Synaptic glutamate receptor activation appears to initiate events causing both edema and energy failure. Multiple glutamate receptor types seem to be involved. No glutamate antagonist provided greater protection against both edema and energy loss than dizocilpine. Dizocilpine might also block voltage-dependent Na+ channels, and provide protection via mechanisms other than NMDA-receptor dependent channel antagonism. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 5 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 20% |
Student > Bachelor | 1 | 20% |
Researcher | 1 | 20% |
Student > Postgraduate | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 1 | 20% |
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Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 20% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 20% |
Psychology | 1 | 20% |
Social Sciences | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 1 | 20% |