Chapter title |
Ingenane Diterpenoids
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 1 |
Book title |
Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 102
|
Published in |
Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-33172-0_1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-933170-6, 978-3-31-933172-0
|
Authors |
Giovanni Appendino, Appendino, Giovanni |
Abstract |
Despite a more recent isolation and chemical characterization when compared to phorbol, along with its chemical instability, limited distribution in Nature, and scarce availability, ingenol is the only Euphorbia diterpenoid that has undergone successful pharmaceutical development, with ingenol 3-angelate (ingenol mebutate, Picato(®)) entering the pharmaceutical market in 2012 for the treatment of actinic keratosis. The phytochemical, chemical, and biological literature on members of the ingenane class of diterpenoids is reviewed from their first isolation in 1968 through 2015, highlighting unresolved issues both common to phorboids (biogenesis, relationship between molecular targets, and in vivo activity) and specific to ingenol derivatives (two-dimensional representation, in-out stereoisomerism, versatility of binding mode to PKC, and inconsistencies in the structural elucidation of some classes of derivatives). The biogenesis of ingenol is discussed in the light of the Jakupovic proposal of a dissection between the formation of the macrocyclic Euphorbia diterpenoids and the phorboids, and the clinical development of ingenol mebutate is chronicled in the light of its "reverse-pharmacology" focus. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 28 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 18% |
Student > Master | 5 | 18% |
Professor | 3 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 7% |
Researcher | 2 | 7% |
Other | 4 | 14% |
Unknown | 7 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Chemistry | 10 | 36% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 7% |
Chemical Engineering | 1 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 4% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Unknown | 9 | 32% |