Title |
Survey of commercial Rhodiola products revealed species diversity and potential safety issues
|
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Published in |
Scientific Reports, February 2015
|
DOI | 10.1038/srep08337 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Tianyi Xin, Xiaojin Li, Hui Yao, Yulin Lin, Xiaochong Ma, Ruiyang Cheng, Jingyuan Song, Lianghong Ni, Congzhao Fan, Shilin Chen |
Abstract |
The adulteration of herbal products is a threat to consumer safety. Here we surveyed the species composition of commercial Rhodiola products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory method. A Rhodiola dietary supplement DNA barcode database was successfully constructed using 82 voucher samples from 10 Rhodiola species. Based on the DNA barcoding standard operating procedure (SOP), we used this database to identify 100 Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma decoction piece samples that were purchased from drug stores and hospitals. The results showed that only 36 decoction piece sequences (40%) were authentic R. crenulata, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia, whereas the other samples were all adulterants and may indicate a potential safety issue. Among the adulterants, 35 sequences (38.9%) were authenticated as R. serrata, nine sequences (10%) were authenticated as R. rosea, which is documented in the United States Pharmacopeia, and the remaining samples were authenticated as other three Rhodiola species. This result indicates decoction pieces that are available in the market have complex origins and DNA barcoding is a convenient tool for market supervision. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 50% |
United States | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Scientists | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
Japan | 1 | 2% |
Spain | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 53 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 11 | 20% |
Student > Master | 9 | 16% |
Other | 5 | 9% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 5% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Unknown | 19 | 34% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 23% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 21% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 5% |
Chemistry | 2 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Unknown | 21 | 38% |