Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes

Grati FR, Vialard F, Gross S, Francesca Romana Grati, François Vialard, Susan Gross, Grati, Francesca Romana, Vialard, François, Gross, Susan

BACs-on-Beads™ (BoBs™) is a new emerging technology, a modification of comparative genomic hybridization that can be used to detect DNA copy number gains and losses. Here, we describe the application of two different types of BoBs™ assays: (1) Prenatal BoBs (CE-IVD) to detect the most frequent syndromes associated with chromosome microdeletions, as well as the trisomy 13, 18 and 21, and (2) KaryoLite BoBs (RUO) which can detect aneuploidy in all chromosomes by quantifying proximal and terminal regions of each chromosomal arm. The interpretation of the results by BoBsoft™ software is also described. Although BoBs™ may not have the breadth and scope to replace chromosomal microarrays (array comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism array) in the prenatal setting, particularly when a fetal anomaly has been detected, it is a well suited alternative for FISH or QF-PCR because BoBs™ is comparable, if not superior in terms of cost, turnaround time (TAT) and throughput and accuracy. BoBs™ also has the ability to detect significant fetal mosaicism (≥30 % with Prenatal BoBs and ≥50 % with KaryoLite BoBs). However, perhaps the greatest strength of this new technology is the fact that unlike FISH or QF-PCR, it has the ability to detect common microdeletion syndromes or additional aneuploidies, both of which may be easily missed despite excellent prenatal sonography. Thus, when BoBs™ is applied in the correct clinical setting and run and analyzed in appropriate laboratories this technique can improve and augment best practices with a personalization of prenatal care.