Title |
Sexual orientation and gender identity: review of concepts, controversies and their relation to psychopathology classification systems
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Psychology, October 2015
|
DOI | 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01511 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Carla Moleiro, Nuno Pinto |
Abstract |
Numerous controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of psychopathology (and its main classification systems) with regards to sexual orientation and gender identity. These are still reflected on present reformulations of gender dysphoria in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, and in more or less subtle micro-aggressions experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans patients in mental health care. The present paper critically reviews this history and current controversies. It reveals that this deeply complex field contributes (i) to the reflection on the very concept of mental illness; (ii) to the focus on subjective distress and person-centered experience of psychopathology; and (iii) to the recognition of stigma and discrimination as significant intervening variables. Finally, it argues that sexual orientation and gender identity have been viewed, in the history of the field of psychopathology, between two poles: gender transgression and gender variance/fluidity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 11 | 23% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 10% |
Chile | 1 | 2% |
Mexico | 1 | 2% |
Portugal | 1 | 2% |
Switzerland | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 28 | 58% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 42 | 88% |
Scientists | 5 | 10% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Greece | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 319 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 57 | 18% |
Student > Master | 41 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 37 | 11% |
Researcher | 26 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 6% |
Other | 31 | 10% |
Unknown | 113 | 35% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 78 | 24% |
Social Sciences | 37 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 29 | 9% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 18 | 6% |
Arts and Humanities | 13 | 4% |
Other | 33 | 10% |
Unknown | 115 | 36% |