Title |
Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) Clade 2.3.4.4, North America, 2014–2015 - Volume 24, Number 10—October 2018 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
|
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Published in |
Emerging Infectious Diseases, October 2018
|
DOI | 10.3201/eid2410.171891 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Dong-Hun Lee, Mia Kim Torchetti, Joseph Hicks, Mary Lea Killian, Justin Bahl, Mary Pantin-Jackwood, David E. Swayne |
Abstract |
Eurasia highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 emerged in North America at the end of 2014 and caused outbreaks affecting >50 million poultry in the United States before eradication in June 2015. We investigated the underlying ecologic and epidemiologic processes associated with this viral spread by performing a comparative genomic study using 268 full-length genome sequences and data from outbreak investigations. Reassortant HPAIV H5N2 circulated in wild birds along the Pacific flyway before several spillover events transmitting the virus to poultry farms. Our analysis suggests that >3 separate introductions of HPAIV H5N2 into Midwest states occurred during March-June 2015; transmission to Midwest poultry farms from Pacific wild birds occurred ≈1.7-2.4 months before detection. Once established in poultry, the virus rapidly spread between turkey and chicken farms in neighboring states. Enhanced biosecurity is required to prevent the introduction and dissemination of HPAIV across the poultry industry. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 40% |
Unknown | 3 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 40% |
Scientists | 2 | 40% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 34 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 7 | 21% |
Student > Master | 4 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 6% |
Professor | 2 | 6% |
Other | 2 | 6% |
Unknown | 14 | 41% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 18% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 6% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 6% |
Social Sciences | 2 | 6% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | 3% |
Other | 3 | 9% |
Unknown | 18 | 53% |