Title |
The Type II Secreted Lipase/Esterase LesA is a Key Virulence Factor Required for Xylella fastidiosa Pathogenesis in Grapevines
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Published in |
Scientific Reports, January 2016
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DOI | 10.1038/srep18598 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Rafael Nascimento, Hossein Gouran, Sandeep Chakraborty, Hyrum W. Gillespie, Hebréia O. Almeida-Souza, Aye Tu, Basuthkar J. Rao, Paul A. Feldstein, George Bruening, Luiz R. Goulart, Abhaya M. Dandekar |
Abstract |
Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines is caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), a xylem-limited gamma-proteobacterium that is responsible for several economically important crop diseases. The occlusion of xylem elements and interference with water transport by Xf and its associated biofilm have been posited as the main cause of PD symptom development; however, Xf virulence mechanisms have not been described. Analysis of the Xf secretome revealed a putative lipase/esterase (LesA) that was abundantly secreted in bacterial culture supernatant and was characterized as a protein ortholog of the cell wall-degrading enzyme LipA of Xanthomonas strains. LesA was secreted by Xf and associated with a biofilm filamentous network. Additional proteomic analysis revealed its abundant presence in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Accumulation of LesA in leaf regions associated positively with PD symptoms and inversely with bacterial titer. The lipase/esterase also elicited a hypersensitive response in grapevine. Xf lesA mutants were significantly deficient for virulence when mechanically inoculated into grapevines. We propose that Xf pathogenesis is caused by LesA secretion mediated by OMV cargos and that its release and accumulation in leaf margins leads to early stages of observed PD symptoms. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 5 | 50% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 10% |
Unknown | 4 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 60% |
Scientists | 3 | 30% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Chile | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 140 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 17% |
Researcher | 19 | 13% |
Student > Master | 18 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 11 | 8% |
Other | 25 | 17% |
Unknown | 34 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 64 | 45% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 18 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 5 | 3% |
Engineering | 4 | 3% |
Computer Science | 3 | 2% |
Other | 11 | 8% |
Unknown | 38 | 27% |