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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Reactive astrocytes undergo M1 microglia/macrohpages-induced necroptosis in spinal cord injury
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Molecular Neurodegeneration, February 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s13024-016-0081-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hong Fan, Kun Zhang, Lequn Shan, Fang Kuang, Kun Chen, Keqing Zhu, Heng Ma, Gong Ju, Ya-Zhou Wang |
| Abstract |
A unique feature of the pathological change after spinal cord injury (SCI) is the progressive enlargement of lesion area, which usually results in cavity formation and is accompanied by reactive astrogliosis and chronic inflammation. Reactive astrocytes line the spinal cavity, walling off the lesion core from the normal spinal tissue, and are thought to play multiple important roles in SCI. The contribution of cell death, particularly the apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes during the process of cavitation has been extensively studied. However, how reactive astrocytes are eliminated following SCI remains largely unclear. By immunohistochemistry, in vivo propidium iodide (PI)-labeling and electron microscopic examination, here we reported that in mice, reactive astrocytes died by receptor-interacting protein 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (RIP3/MLKL) mediated necroptosis, rather than apoptosis or autophagy. Inhibiting receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) or depleting RIP3 not only significantly attenuated astrocyte death but also rescued the neurotrophic function of astrocytes. The astrocytic expression of necroptotic markers followed the polarization of M1 microglia/macrophages after SCI. Depleting M1 microglia/macrophages or transplantation of M1 macrophages could significantly reduce or increase the necroptosis of astrocytes. Further, the inflammatory responsive genes Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) are induced in necroptotic astrocytes. In vitro antagonizing MyD88 in astrocytes could significantly alleviate the M1 microglia/macrophages-induced cell death. Finally, our data showed that in human, necroptotic markers and TLR4/MyD88 were co-expressed in astrocytes of injured, but not normal spinal cord. Taken together, these results reveal that after SCI, reactive astrocytes undergo M1 microglia/macrophages-induced necroptosis, partially through TLR/MyD88 signaling, and suggest that inhibiting astrocytic necroptosis may be beneficial for preventing secondary SCI. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 128 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 127 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 18 | 14% |
| Researcher | 16 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 7% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 7 | 5% |
| Other | 24 | 19% |
| Unknown | 32 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 25 | 20% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 18 | 14% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 16 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 11% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 5% |
| Other | 12 | 9% |
| Unknown | 37 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 05 February 2016.
All research outputs
#20,655,488
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from Molecular Neurodegeneration
#912
of 977 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#300,209
of 405,843 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Molecular Neurodegeneration
#22
of 23 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,373,627 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 10th percentile – i.e., 10% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 977 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 16.6. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 23 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.