Title |
Retrieval-Based Learning: Positive Effects of Retrieval Practice in Elementary School Children
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Psychology, March 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00350 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Janell R. Blunt, Megan A. Smith |
Abstract |
A wealth of research has demonstrated that practicing retrieval is a powerful way to enhance learning. However, nearly all prior research has examined retrieval practice with college students. Little is known about retrieval practice in children, and even less is known about possible individual differences in retrieval practice. In three experiments, 88 children (mean age 10 years) studied a list of words and either restudied the items or practiced retrieving them. They then took a final free recall test (Experiments 1 and 2) or recognition test (Experiment 3). In all experiments, children showed robust retrieval practice effects. Although a range of individual differences in reading comprehension and processing speed were observed among these children, the benefits of retrieval practice were independent of these factors. The results contribute to the growing body of research supporting the mnemonic benefits of retrieval practice and provide preliminary evidence that practicing retrieval may be an effective learning strategy for children with varying levels of reading comprehension and processing speed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 12 | 29% |
United States | 10 | 24% |
Canada | 4 | 10% |
Sweden | 1 | 2% |
Turkey | 1 | 2% |
Australia | 1 | 2% |
Japan | 1 | 2% |
Spain | 1 | 2% |
China | 1 | 2% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 9 | 22% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 24 | 59% |
Scientists | 12 | 29% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 7% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 144 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 20 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 9% |
Researcher | 11 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 11 | 8% |
Student > Postgraduate | 9 | 6% |
Other | 22 | 15% |
Unknown | 59 | 41% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 42 | 29% |
Social Sciences | 10 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 4% |
Linguistics | 5 | 3% |
Neuroscience | 4 | 3% |
Other | 14 | 10% |
Unknown | 64 | 44% |