| Title |
Design and synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Science, March 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1126/science.aad6253 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Clyde A Hutchison, Ray-Yuan Chuang, Vladimir N Noskov, Nacyra Assad-Garcia, Thomas J Deerinck, Mark H Ellisman, John Gill, Krishna Kannan, Bogumil J Karas, Li Ma, James F Pelletier, Zhi-Qing Qi, R Alexander Richter, Elizabeth A Strychalski, Lijie Sun, Yo Suzuki, Billyana Tsvetanova, Kim S Wise, Hamilton O Smith, John I Glass, Chuck Merryman, Daniel G Gibson, J Craig Venter |
| Abstract |
We used whole-genome design and complete chemical synthesis to minimize the 1079-kilobase pair synthetic genome of Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0. An initial design, based on collective knowledge of molecular biology combined with limited transposon mutagenesis data, failed to produce a viable cell. Improved transposon mutagenesis methods revealed a class of quasi-essential genes that are needed for robust growth, explaining the failure of our initial design. Three cycles of design, synthesis, and testing, with retention of quasi-essential genes, produced JCVI-syn3.0 (531 kilobase pairs, 473 genes), which has a genome smaller than that of any autonomously replicating cell found in nature. JCVI-syn3.0 retains almost all genes involved in the synthesis and processing of macromolecules. Unexpectedly, it also contains 149 genes with unknown biological functions. JCVI-syn3.0 is a versatile platform for investigating the core functions of life and for exploring whole-genome design. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 7,874 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1438 | 18% |
| United Kingdom | 456 | 6% |
| India | 363 | 5% |
| Spain | 192 | 2% |
| Canada | 176 | 2% |
| Germany | 175 | 2% |
| Australia | 132 | 2% |
| France | 124 | 2% |
| Japan | 110 | 1% |
| Other | 1209 | 15% |
| Unknown | 3499 | 44% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 5385 | 68% |
| Scientists | 2097 | 27% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 245 | 3% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 144 | 2% |
| Unknown | 3 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 3,055 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 42 | 1% |
| United Kingdom | 15 | <1% |
| Germany | 8 | <1% |
| France | 8 | <1% |
| Spain | 8 | <1% |
| Japan | 7 | <1% |
| Switzerland | 6 | <1% |
| Denmark | 5 | <1% |
| Sweden | 4 | <1% |
| Other | 40 | 1% |
| Unknown | 2912 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 670 | 22% |
| Student > Bachelor | 540 | 18% |
| Researcher | 484 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 390 | 13% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 119 | 4% |
| Other | 428 | 14% |
| Unknown | 424 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 982 | 32% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 865 | 28% |
| Chemistry | 133 | 4% |
| Engineering | 101 | 3% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 82 | 3% |
| Other | 408 | 13% |
| Unknown | 484 | 16% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3614. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 17 April 2024.
All research outputs
#1,537
of 25,795,662 outputs
Outputs from Science
#89
of 83,296 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#11
of 315,710 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Science
#1
of 1,186 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,795,662 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 83,296 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 66.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 1,186 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.