Title |
Chimeric 2C10R4 anti-CD40 antibody therapy is critical for long-term survival of GTKO.hCD46.hTBM pig-to-primate cardiac xenograft
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Published in |
Nature Communications, April 2016
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DOI | 10.1038/ncomms11138 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Muhammad M. Mohiuddin, Avneesh K. Singh, Philip C. Corcoran, Marvin L. Thomas III, Tannia Clark, Billeta G. Lewis, Robert F. Hoyt, Michael Eckhaus, Richard N. Pierson III, Aaron J. Belli, Eckhard Wolf, Nikolai Klymiuk, Carol Phelps, Keith A. Reimann, David Ayares, Keith A. Horvath |
Abstract |
Preventing xenograft rejection is one of the greatest challenges of transplantation medicine. Here, we describe a reproducible, long-term survival of cardiac xenografts from alpha 1-3 galactosyltransferase gene knockout pigs, which express human complement regulatory protein CD46 and human thrombomodulin (GTKO.hCD46.hTBM), that were transplanted into baboons. Our immunomodulatory drug regimen includes induction with anti-thymocyte globulin and αCD20 antibody, followed by maintenance with mycophenolate mofetil and an intensively dosed αCD40 (2C10R4) antibody. Median (298 days) and longest (945 days) graft survival in five consecutive recipients using this regimen is significantly prolonged over our recently established survival benchmarks (180 and 500 days, respectively). Remarkably, the reduction of αCD40 antibody dose on day 100 or after 1 year resulted in recrudescence of anti-pig antibody and graft failure. In conclusion, genetic modifications (GTKO.hCD46.hTBM) combined with the treatment regimen tested here consistently prevent humoral rejection and systemic coagulation pathway dysregulation, sustaining long-term cardiac xenograft survival beyond 900 days. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 8 | 15% |
Spain | 4 | 7% |
Japan | 2 | 4% |
Philippines | 1 | 2% |
India | 1 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
Sweden | 1 | 2% |
Finland | 1 | 2% |
France | 1 | 2% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 35 | 64% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 42 | 76% |
Scientists | 7 | 13% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 7% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 2% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 157 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 28 | 17% |
Researcher | 20 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 10% |
Student > Master | 16 | 10% |
Other | 11 | 7% |
Other | 22 | 13% |
Unknown | 51 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 27 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 26 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 23 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 4% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 5 | 3% |
Other | 19 | 12% |
Unknown | 58 | 35% |