Title |
Dissecting Driver Behaviors Under Cognitive, Emotional, Sensorimotor, and Mixed Stressors
|
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Published in |
Scientific Reports, May 2016
|
DOI | 10.1038/srep25651 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
I. Pavlidis, M. Dcosta, S. Taamneh, M. Manser, T. Ferris, R. Wunderlich, E. Akleman, P. Tsiamyrtzis |
Abstract |
In a simulation experiment we studied the effects of cognitive, emotional, sensorimotor, and mixed stressors on driver arousal and performance with respect to (wrt) baseline. In a sample of n = 59 drivers, balanced in terms of age and gender, we found that all stressors incurred significant increases in mean sympathetic arousal accompanied by significant increases in mean absolute steering. The latter, translated to significantly larger range of lane departures only in the case of sensorimotor and mixed stressors, indicating more dangerous driving wrt baseline. In the case of cognitive or emotional stressors, often a smaller range of lane departures was observed, indicating safer driving wrt baseline. This paradox suggests an effective coping mechanism at work, which compensates erroneous reactions precipitated by cognitive or emotional conflict. This mechanisms' grip slips, however, when the feedback loop is intermittently severed by sensorimotor distractions. Interestingly, mixed stressors did not affect crash rates in startling events, suggesting that the coping mechanism's compensation time scale is above the range of neurophysiological latency. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 4 | 21% |
Germany | 2 | 11% |
Netherlands | 1 | 5% |
South Africa | 1 | 5% |
Japan | 1 | 5% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 5% |
Canada | 1 | 5% |
France | 1 | 5% |
New Zealand | 1 | 5% |
Other | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 5 | 26% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 16 | 84% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 11% |
Scientists | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 71 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 22% |
Researcher | 9 | 13% |
Student > Master | 9 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 10% |
Professor | 3 | 4% |
Other | 8 | 11% |
Unknown | 20 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Engineering | 15 | 21% |
Psychology | 14 | 19% |
Computer Science | 9 | 13% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 3% |
Neuroscience | 2 | 3% |
Other | 6 | 8% |
Unknown | 24 | 33% |