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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
The General Age of Leadership: Older-Looking Presidential Candidates Win Elections during War
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, May 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0036945 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Brian R. Spisak |
| Abstract |
As nation-state leaders age they increasingly engage in inter-state militarized disputes yet in industrialized societies a steady decrease in testosterone associated with aging is observed--which suggests a decrease in dominance behavior. The current paper points out that from modern societies to Old World monkeys increasing both in age and social status encourages dominant strategies to maintain acquired rank. Moreover, it is argued this consistency has shaped an implicit prototype causing followers to associate older age with dominance leadership. It is shown that (i) faces of older leaders are preferred during intergroup conflict and (ii) morphing U.S. Presidential candidates to appear older or younger has an overriding effect on actual election outcomes. This indicates that democratic voting can be systematically adjusted by activating innate biases. These findings appear to create a new line of research regarding the biology of leadership and contextual cues of age. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 22 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 7 | 32% |
| Ireland | 2 | 9% |
| Egypt | 2 | 9% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 9% |
| Unknown | 9 | 41% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 13 | 59% |
| Scientists | 6 | 27% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 9% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 57 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 2 | 4% |
| Germany | 1 | 2% |
| Romania | 1 | 2% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 52 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 25% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 11% |
| Researcher | 6 | 11% |
| Professor | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 6 | 11% |
| Unknown | 14 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 16 | 28% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 10 | 18% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 9% |
| Social Sciences | 5 | 9% |
| Neuroscience | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 4 | 7% |
| Unknown | 15 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 43. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 June 2023.
All research outputs
#981,318
of 25,769,258 outputs
Outputs from PLOS ONE
#12,645
of 224,419 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#4,976
of 179,215 outputs
Outputs of similar age from PLOS ONE
#165
of 3,816 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,769,258 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 96th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 224,419 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.8. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 179,215 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 3,816 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its contemporaries.