| Chapter title |
Hormones, Blood Products, and Therapeutic Enzymes.
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 111 |
| Book title |
Current Applications of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|
| Published in |
Advances in biochemical engineering biotechnology, September 2019
|
| DOI | 10.1007/10_2019_111 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-03-040463-5, 978-3-03-040464-2
|
| Authors |
Silva, Ana Catarina, Costa, Cládia Pina, Almeida, Hugo, Moreira, João Nuno, Sousa Lobo, José Manuel, Ana Catarina Silva, Cládia Pina Costa, Hugo Almeida, João Nuno Moreira, José Manuel Sousa Lobo |
| Abstract |
Therapeutic uses of biological medicines are diverse and include active substances from different classes. This chapter provides an overview on the clinical applications of biological medicines containing hormones, blood products, and therapeutic enzymes. Currently, therapeutic hormones have 78 approved medicines, including insulin and analogs, glucagon and analogs, growth hormone, gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and parathyroid hormone. In contrast, recombinant blood products, and particularly blood factors, anticoagulants, and thrombolytic agents, incorporate 49 approved biological medicines. Regarding recombinant therapeutic enzymes, there are 22 approved medicines. Among the referred biological medicines, there are six biosimilar hormones, and no biosimilars have been approved for recombinant blood products and therapeutic enzymes, which is unexpected.Current investigations on recombinant hormones, recombinant blood products, and therapeutic enzymes seem to follow the same directions, searching for alternative non-injectable administration routes, development of new recombinant molecules with improved pharmacokinetic properties and discovering new clinical applications for approved medicines. These approaches are showing positive results and new medicines are expected to reach clinical approval in the coming years. Future prospects also include the approval of more biosimilar medicines. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 17 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 24% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 18% |
| Professor | 2 | 12% |
| Lecturer | 1 | 6% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 6% |
| Other | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 5 | 29% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 18% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 12% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 6% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 6% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 6% |
| Other | 2 | 12% |
| Unknown | 7 | 41% |