Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Neotropical Diversification: Historical Overview and Conceptual Insights

Chapter 3 Beyond Refugia: New Insights on Quaternary Climate Variation and the Evolution of Biotic Diversity in Tropical South America

Chapter 4 Tropical and Subtropical South America: A Study of Community Turnover Across Environmental Gradients

Chapter 5 Evolutionary Macroecology and the Geographical Patterns of Neotropical Diversification

Chapter 6 Evolutionary Imprints on Species Distribution Patterns Across the Neotropics

Chapter 7 Diatom Diversity and Biogeography Across Tropical South America

Chapter 8 Avian Diversity in Humid Tropical and Subtropical South American Forests, with a Discussion About Their Related Climatic and Geological Underpinnings

Chapter 9 Contrasting Patterns of Temporal Diversification in Neotropical Butterflies: An Overview

Chapter 10 The Origin and Evolution of Amazonian Species Diversity

Chapter 11 Patterns and Processes of Diversification in Amazonian White Sand Ecosystems: Insights from Birds and Plants

Chapter 12 On the Young Savannas in the Land of Ancient Forests

Chapter 13 Diversity, Endemism, and Evolutionary History of Montane Biotas Outside the Andean Region

Chapter 14 Diversification in Ancient and Nutrient-Poor Neotropical Ecosystems: How Geological and Climatic Buffering Shaped Plant Diversity in Some of the World’s Neglected Hotspots

Chapter 15 The Pantepui “Lost World”: Towards a Biogeographical, Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis of a Pristine Neotropical Sky-Island Archipelago

Chapter 16 Patterns of Species and Lineage Diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

Chapter 17 Forests Diversity in the Mexican Neotropics: A Paleoecological View

Chapter 18 Bioregions of Eastern Brazil, Based on Vascular Plant Occurrence Data

Chapter 19 Human Contribution to Amazonian Plant Diversity: Legacy of Pre-Columbian Land Use in Modern Plant Communities

Chapter 20 Historical Biogeography of Caribbean Plants Revises Regional Paleogeography

Chapter 21 The Diversification of Extant Angiosperms in the South America Dry Diagonal

Chapter 22 Amphibians and Reptiles of Venezuelan Guayana: Diversity, Biogeography and Conservation

Chapter 23 Origin of Elevational Replacements in a Clade of Nearly Flightless Birds: Most Diversity in Tropical Mountains Accumulates via Secondary Contact Following Allopatric Speciation

Chapter 24 Clade-Specific Biogeographic History and Climatic Niche Shifts of the Southern Andean-Southern Brazilian Disjunction in Plants

Chapter 25 Biotic and Landscape Evolution in an Amazonian Contact Zone: Insights from the Herpetofauna of the Tapajós River Basin, Brazil

Chapter 26 Diversification Processes in Lizards and Snakes from the Middle São Francisco River Dune Region, Brazil

Chapter 27 Unexpected Beta-Diversity Radiations in Highland Clades of Andean Terraranae Frogs

Chapter 28 Disparate Patterns of Diversification Within Liolaemini Lizards

Chapter 29 Diversification History of Neotropical Lecythidaceae, an Ecologically Dominant Tree Family of Amazon Rain Forest

Chapter 30 Conservation in the Neotropics: A Final Reflection