Title |
Seroprevalence of Orthopoxvirus in rural Brazil: insights into anti-OPV immunity status and its implications for emergent zoonotic OPV
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Published in |
Virology Journal, July 2016
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DOI | 10.1186/s12985-016-0575-6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Galileu Barbosa Costa, Lídia Teodoro Santos Augusto, Juliana Almeida Leite, Paulo César Peregrino Ferreira, Cláudio Antônio Bonjardim, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Erna Geessien Kroon, Elizabeth Castro Moreno, Giliane de Souza Trindade |
Abstract |
Bovine vaccinia (BV) is a zoonosis caused by Vaccinia virus, a virus from Orthopoxvirus genus (OPV) that affects mainly cattle herds and humans in rural areas in Brazil. Because most studies have focused on outbreaks situations, data on BV epidemiology is limited. A cross sectional study in Brazilian rural areas during 2012-2013 was conducted to determine the neutralizing antibodies seroprevalence and risk factors for BV. A structured questionnaire was applied to elicit demographics data and farming practices considered risk factors for BV exposure. Neutralizing anti-OPV antibodies were investigated using plaque reduction neutralization test. The neutralizing antibodies prevalence rates were calculated and the risk factor analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. Two hundred and forty participants were enrolled in this study with a prevalence of neutralizing antibodies of 30.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 25.3-36.9). In multivariate analysis, age > 35 years (Odds Ratio [OR] = 18.2; CI 95 % = 7.7 - 43.2) and previous outbreak in property (OR = 3.9; C I95 % = 1.2 - 12.6) were independently associated with anti-OPV neutralizing antibodies. In this study, anti-OPV protective immunity (neutralizing antibody titers) was assessed in an endemic BV Brazilian rural area. Our findings indicate that epidemiological surveillance is required and should be applied by public health authorities to create interventions and/or prevention strategies to avoid viral spread causing future outbreaks among individuals who are under risk of infection. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Canada | 1 | 50% |
Brazil | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 45 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 9 | 20% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 7% |
Researcher | 3 | 7% |
Other | 3 | 7% |
Other | 5 | 11% |
Unknown | 17 | 38% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 13% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 3 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 4% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 4% |
Other | 12 | 27% |
Unknown | 17 | 38% |