Title |
Sublingual immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding SARS-CoV spike protein induces systemic and mucosal immunity without redirection of the virus to the brain
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Published in |
Virology Journal, September 2012
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DOI | 10.1186/1743-422x-9-215 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Byoung-Shik Shim, Konrad Stadler, Huan Huu Nguyen, Cheol-Heui Yun, Dong Wook Kim, Jun Chang, Cecil Czerkinsky, Man Ki Song |
Abstract |
Sublingual (s.l.) administration of soluble protein antigens, inactivated viruses, or virus-like particles has been shown to induce broad immune responses in mucosal and extra-mucosal tissues. Recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vectors (rADVs) infect mucosa surface and therefore can serve as a mucosal antigen delivery vehicle. In this study we examined whether s.l. immunization with rADV encoding spike protein (S) (rADV-S) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) induces protective immunity against SARS-CoV and could serve as a safe mucosal route for delivery of rADV. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 14 | 17% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 5% |
Australia | 3 | 4% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Slovenia | 1 | 1% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
France | 1 | 1% |
Canada | 1 | 1% |
China | 1 | 1% |
Other | 2 | 2% |
Unknown | 55 | 65% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 76 | 90% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 4% |
Scientists | 3 | 4% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
Korea, Republic of | 1 | 1% |
Ireland | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 78 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 14 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 16% |
Student > Master | 12 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 5% |
Other | 16 | 20% |
Unknown | 14 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Immunology and Microbiology | 12 | 15% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 12% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 5% |
Other | 14 | 17% |
Unknown | 19 | 23% |