Title |
Molecular biology of bladder cancer: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Reviews Cancer, December 2014
|
DOI | 10.1038/nrc3817 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Margaret A. Knowles, Carolyn D. Hurst |
Abstract |
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder comprises two long-recognized disease entities with distinct molecular features and clinical outcome. Low-grade non-muscle-invasive tumours recur frequently but rarely progress to muscle invasion, whereas muscle-invasive tumours are usually diagnosed de novo and frequently metastasize. Recent genome-wide expression and sequencing studies identify genes and pathways that are key drivers of urothelial cancer and reveal a more complex picture with multiple molecular subclasses that traverse conventional grade and stage groupings. This improved understanding of molecular features, disease pathogenesis and heterogeneity provides new opportunities for prognostic application, disease monitoring and personalized therapy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 17% |
India | 2 | 8% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 8% |
Germany | 2 | 8% |
Spain | 2 | 8% |
Tunisia | 1 | 4% |
Sweden | 1 | 4% |
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 4% |
Italy | 1 | 4% |
Other | 2 | 8% |
Unknown | 6 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 12 | 50% |
Scientists | 8 | 33% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 13% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | <1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
Denmark | 2 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Korea, Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Ethiopia | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
China | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 759 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 135 | 17% |
Student > Master | 100 | 13% |
Researcher | 97 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 96 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 46 | 6% |
Other | 132 | 17% |
Unknown | 166 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 190 | 25% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 161 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 127 | 16% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 18 | 2% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 15 | 2% |
Other | 64 | 8% |
Unknown | 197 | 26% |