Title |
Heme Iron from Meat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis and a Review of the Mechanisms Involved
|
---|---|
Published in |
Cancer Prevention Research, February 2011
|
DOI | 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0113 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Nadia M. Bastide, Fabrice H.F. Pierre, Denis E. Corpet |
Abstract |
Red meat and processed meat intake is associated with a risk of colorectal cancer, a major cause of death in affluent countries. Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that heme iron present in meat promotes colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of colon cancer reporting heme intake included 566,607 individuals and 4,734 cases of colon cancer. The relative risk of colon cancer was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06-1.32) for subjects in the highest category of heme iron intake compared with those in the lowest category. Epidemiological data thus show a suggestive association between dietary heme and risk of colon cancer. The analysis of experimental studies in rats with chemically-induced colon cancer showed that dietary hemoglobin and red meat consistently promote aberrant crypt foci, a putative precancer lesion. The mechanism is not known, but heme iron has a catalytic effect on (i) the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and (ii) the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic aldehydes by lipoperoxidation. A review of evidence supporting these hypotheses suggests that both pathways are involved in heme iron toxicity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 12 | 11% |
United Kingdom | 12 | 11% |
Canada | 6 | 5% |
Japan | 2 | 2% |
Iceland | 2 | 2% |
France | 2 | 2% |
Argentina | 2 | 2% |
Mexico | 2 | 2% |
Germany | 2 | 2% |
Other | 7 | 6% |
Unknown | 65 | 57% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 100 | 88% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 10 | 9% |
Scientists | 3 | 3% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Bulgaria | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 409 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 82 | 20% |
Student > Master | 63 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 50 | 12% |
Researcher | 44 | 11% |
Student > Postgraduate | 23 | 6% |
Other | 62 | 15% |
Unknown | 89 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 79 | 19% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 75 | 18% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 44 | 11% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 32 | 8% |
Chemistry | 12 | 3% |
Other | 63 | 15% |
Unknown | 108 | 26% |