Report for: Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science

Title	Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science
Published in	Science, August 2015
DOI	10.1126/science.aac4716
Pubmed ID	26315443
Abstract	Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47% of original effect sizes were in the 95% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams.

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Twitter Demographics

The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2,049 tweeters who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.

Geographical breakdown

Country	Count	As %
United States	434	21%
United Kingdom	184	9%
Netherlands	76	4%
Japan	76	4%
Canada	57	3%
Spain	48	2%
Germany	45	2%
Australia	45	2%
France	33	2%
Other	262	13%
Unknown	789	39%

Demographic breakdown

Type	Count	As %
Members of the public	1345	66%
Scientists	563	27%
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals)	83	4%
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors)	52	3%
Unknown	6	<1%

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 5,015 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country	Count	As %
United States	48	<1%
Germany	27	<1%
United Kingdom	23	<1%
Netherlands	13	<1%
France	12	<1%
Spain	8	<1%
Australia	8	<1%
Japan	7	<1%
Sweden	7	<1%
Other	55	1%
Unknown	4807	96%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status	Count	As %
Student > Ph. D. Student	1034	21%
Student > Master	720	14%
Student > Bachelor	690	14%
Researcher	608	12%
Student > Doctoral Student	287	6%
Other	876	17%
Unknown	800	16%

Readers by discipline	Count	As %
Psychology	1932	39%
Social Sciences	359	7%
Neuroscience	259	5%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences	246	5%
Business, Management and Accounting	172	3%
Other	986	20%
Unknown	1061	21%

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4191. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 March 2023.

All research outputs

#1,019

of 23,390,392 outputs

Outputs from Science

#61

of 78,482 outputs

Outputs of similar age

of 269,405 outputs

Outputs of similar age from Science

of 1,229 outputs

Altmetric has tracked 23,390,392 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.

So far Altmetric has tracked 78,482 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 63.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.

Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 269,405 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.

We're also able to compare this research output to 1,229 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.

Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science

About this Attention Score

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Twitter Demographics

Geographical breakdown

Demographic breakdown

Mendeley readers

Geographical breakdown

Demographic breakdown

Attention Score in Context