Chapter title |
Toll-like receptor ligation for the induction of regulatory B cells.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 10 |
Book title |
Regulatory B Cells
|
Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, July 2014
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-1161-5_10 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-1160-8, 978-1-4939-1161-5
|
Authors |
van der Vlugt LE, Haeberlein S, de Graaf W, Martha TE, Smits HH, Luciën E. P. M. van der Vlugt, Simone Haeberlein, Wouter de Graaf, Tyrill E. D. Martha, Hermelijn H. Smits |
Abstract |
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components for the recognition of microorganisms, for the initiation of innate immunity, and for promoting adaptive immune responses. TLR signaling in B cells, in addition to B cell receptor or CD40 ligation, plays an important role in B cell differentiation and activation. In contrast, various infectious agents and/or TLR ligands can also prime B cells to induce tolerance and downregulate inflammatory reactions; those B cells are called regulatory B (Breg) cells and are characterized by a dominant IL-10 production. Several studies have suggested that Breg cells are impaired in patients with autoimmune diseases and allergic asthma. However, the role for TLR ligands in the induction of Breg cells as a potential therapy for some of these inflammatory diseases has not yet been investigated. Here, we provide detailed instructions on how to analyze and validate cytokine production in human and mouse B cells in response to various TLR ligands. Furthermore, we describe an assay to investigate the suppressive properties of TLR-induced B cells to confirm their regulatory B cell status. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 15 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 27% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 20% |
Other | 2 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 13% |
Student > Master | 1 | 7% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 3 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 27% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 20% |
Mathematics | 1 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 7% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 7% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 5 | 33% |