Chapter title |
Study of the Expression of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Anaerobic Conditions
|
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Chapter number | 14 |
Book title |
Bacterial Multidrug Exporters
|
Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-7454-2_14 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-7452-8, 978-1-4939-7454-2
|
Authors |
Jingjing Sun, Ziqing Deng, Danny Ka Chun Fung, Aixin Yan |
Abstract |
Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps belong to a class of membrane transporter proteins that dedicate to the extrusion of a diverse range of substances out of cells including all classes of currently available antibiotics. They constitute an important mechanism of bacterial antibiotic and multidrug resistance. Since many ecological niches of bacteria and the infection foci in animal host display low oxygen tension under which condition bacterial pathogens undergo fundamental changes on their metabolic modes, it is necessary to study the expression profiles of drug efflux pumps under these physiologically and clinically relevant conditions. In this chapter, we first introduce procedures to culture bacteria under anaerobic conditions, which is achieved using screw-capped Pyrex culture tubes without agitation. We then introduce β-galactosidase activity assay using promoter-lacZ (encoding the β-galactosidase enzyme) fusion to measure the expression of efflux pumps at transcriptional level, and Western blot using chromosomal FLAG-tagged construct to examine the expression of these proteins at translational level. Applications of these gene expression studies to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of efflux genes expression as well as their physiological functions are also discussed. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 6 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 1 | 17% |
Researcher | 1 | 17% |
Other | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 2 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 17% |
Environmental Science | 1 | 17% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 3 | 50% |